What is the term used to describe the rules governing the structure of a programming language?

• A. Lexis
• B. Grammar
• C. Syntax
• D. Semantics

Answer: (C)

The correct answer is syntax, which refers to the set of rules that define the structure and arrangement of statements in a programming language. Syntax dictates how code must be written to be understood by the compiler or interpreter, including the correct use of punctuation, keywords, and the overall organization of code.

For example, in Python, the syntax determines how to properly define a function, how to use loops, and how to structure conditionals. Understanding syntax is essential for writing code that runs without errors; incorrect syntax will often result in syntax errors, preventing the program from executing.

While lexis pertains to the vocabulary of the programming language, it does not specifically refer to the structure. Grammar is a broader term that can encompass both syntax and semantics, but in the context of programming languages, syntax is the precise term that relates to the rules governing structure. Semantics refers to the meaning of the code and how it behaves when executed, which is separate from the structure imposed by syntax.